Preface by Gerald Rudolph, Ph.D.

 


When I first took piano lessons as a child, I learned to read music and follow notation on the sheet. Although I learned scales and was exposed to modes as part of my music instruction, composition and improvisation remained a mystery until much later, when I took lessons from a jazz pianist during my freshman year in college. Even then, although I could repeat patterns that I copied from the instructor, and even modify those patterns slightly, true improvisation did not come easily because I did not understand the underlying musical structure.

Despite my extensive formal education, I found that I still could not create a style of my own; I simply did not have a structure that allowed me to explore options in a systematic and creative way. It was not until I studied a text on jazz improvisation, and actually practiced using the various modes and progressions, that I began to grasp how to improvise, as well as how to add color and complexity to my playing.

As a formally-trained musician, I was at first skeptical of the approach propounded in Exotic Scales. After all, ‘real’ jazz players rarely consider improvisation from the perspective of applying a single scale over an entire progression. Rather, they think in terms of changing scales and modes, and applying arpeggios over specific passages. When I sat down and carefully analyzed the results that emerge from applying these scales in the harmonic settings developed in the book, I was amazed to find that this is precisely what emerges, albeit from a rather unconventional approach. Thus, as the reader works his or her way through the text and the numerous examples provided, it develops that although the player is thinking in terms of a single easy-to-internalize scale, what is really emerging is exactly the right arpeggio, mode, or scale for each chord in the developed progression. I was amazed!

Musical theory is an incredibly complex subject, and one that lends itself to many approaches and perspectives. Even relatively elementary aspects of the subject, such as diatonic modes, are a subject of ongoing discussion and debate among musical scholars. For example, while one might interpret the Aeolian mode as a diatonic major scale played from its sixth degree, another musician will insist (equally correctly) on approaching it in terms of its intrinsic step/half-step structure. In this sense, Exotic Scales abstracts what would otherwise be an extremely complex set of techniques into their simplest forms--an abstraction that, in all honesty, had never occurred to me until reading this book.

I am convinced that this is an approach that is particularly well suited to the backgrounds and approaches employed by guitarists, although it would also be beneficial to any instrumentalist seeking to enter the world of jazz improvisation. A book like Exotic Scales would have been a great time-saver in my own musical journey. It not only presents the use of scales other than the seven basic diatonic modes, but also presents a basic introduction to the use of scales and modes that would be valuable for a beginner with little music theory and for a more advanced student as a reference.

I have been honored to have had the opportunity to work directly with Joe Befumo in a number of capacities, and to have made music with him. I have learned much from him, and I suspect that in reading this book, you will also.

Gerald Rudolph, Ph.D. .